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Related Concept Videos

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Phase transitions in a programmable quantum spin glass simulator.

R Harris1, Y Sato2, A J Berkley2

  • 1D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada. rharris@dwavesys.com.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers simulated magnetic phases in quantum systems using a D-Wave quantum processor. They observed transitions between paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and spin-glass phases by controlling disorder and magnetic fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Quantum simulation

Background:

  • Understanding magnetic phases is crucial in quantum mechanical systems.
  • Quantum simulation hardware offers new experimental tools for probing these systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally realize a quantum simulation of interacting Ising spins on 3D cubic lattices.
  • To determine magnetic phases, critical disorder, and universal exponents using a quantum processor.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a D-Wave quantum processor for simulating interacting Ising spins on cubic lattices up to 8x8x8 dimensions.
  • Controlled and read out the state of individual spins to access order parameters.
  • Tuned disorder and effective transverse magnetic field to induce phase transitions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully simulated magnetic phases on a 3D cubic lattice.
  • Identified phase transitions between paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and spin-glass phases.
  • Determined critical disorder and a universal exponent of the system.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum simulation hardware enables direct experimental probing of magnetic phases.
  • The study demonstrates the capability of quantum processors in exploring complex magnetic phenomena.
  • Observed phase transitions provide insights into the behavior of interacting spin systems.