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Outburst floods provide erodability estimates consistent with long-term landscape evolution.

Daniel Garcia-Castellanos1, Jim E O'Connor2

  • 1Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra Jaume Almera, ICTJA-CSIC, Solé i Sabarís s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. d.g.c@csic.es.

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This study estimates rock erodability using outburst flood data, offering a new method for landscape evolution models. It improves understanding of river incision and catastrophic erosion, linking long-term and short-term geological processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Geomorphology
  • Hydrology

Background:

  • Current landscape evolution models rely on semi-empirical laws linking riverbed incision to rock erodability and stream power.
  • Estimating erodability in these models is challenging due to uncertainties in past climate and streamflow conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel methodology for estimating outlet erodability using data from lake outburst floods.
  • To improve the accuracy and applicability of landscape evolution models by reducing assumptions about past hydrology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized erosion data from 82 outburst floods triggered by overtopping lakes.
  • Leveraged geomorphological evidence along spillways to constrain water discharge, bypassing assumptions about past streamflow.

Main Results:

  • Obtained erodability values that quantitatively correlate with lithology, consistent with previous river erosion studies.
  • Expanded the range of hydrological and temporal scales applicable to fluvial incision models.
  • Demonstrated consistency between mathematical formulations of long-term and catastrophic erosional mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The novel methodology provides reliable erodability estimates, enhancing fluvial incision models.
  • Clarified the conditions conducive to runaway erosion during lake outburst floods.
  • Suggests a unified understanding of landscape evolution across different timescales and erosional processes.