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Magnetic Fields

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

A solenoid is a conducting wire coated with an insulating material, wound tightly in the form of a helical coil. The magnetic field due to a solenoid is the vector sum of the magnetic fields due to its individual turns. Therefore, for an ideal solenoid, the magnetic field within the solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length and the current. Conversely, the magnetic field outside the solenoid is zero.
Consider a solenoid with 100 turns wrapped around a cylinder of...

Magnetic Field Lines

Magnetic Field Lines

The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:

Energy In A Magnetic Field

Energy In A Magnetic Field

If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus...

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Synthesis of Immunotargeted Magneto-plasmonic Nanoclusters

Synthesis of Immunotargeted Magneto-plasmonic Nanoclusters

Published on: August 22, 2014

Switchable plasmonic routers controlled by external magnetic fields by using magneto-plasmonic waveguides.

Kum-Song Ho¹, Song-Jin Im², Ji-Song Pae¹

¹Department of Physics, Kim II Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Scientific Reports

|July 14, 2018

Summary

Magneto-plasmons in metal films enable magnetically controlled light routing. Reversing a magnetic field switches energy concentration between interfaces, creating switchable plasmonic routers.

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Synthesis of Immunotargeted Magneto-plasmonic Nanoclusters

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Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Magneto-plasmons are collective oscillations of electrons at metal-dielectric interfaces, influenced by magnetic fields.
Metal-dielectric waveguides offer potential for light manipulation at the nanoscale.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate magneto-plasmons in metal films embedded in ferromagnetic dielectrics.
To explore the potential for magnetically controlled light switching and modulation.

Main Methods:

Analytical and numerical investigations of magneto-plasmonic waveguides.
Utilizing metal films with thickness exceeding the skin depth.
Applying external transverse magnetic fields to induce asymmetry.

Main Results:

An external magnetic field induces spatial asymmetry in mode distribution.
Energy concentration at one interface can be switched to the other by magnetic field reversal.
Magnetization requirements decrease exponentially with increasing film thickness.
Achieved 99% contrast switchable plasmonic routers over tens of THz bandwidth.

Conclusions:

Demonstrated a novel phenomenon for magnetically controlled plasmonic devices.
Proposed waveguide-integrated magnetically controlled switchable plasmonic routers and modulators.
The proposed configuration offers high contrast and broad bandwidth operation.