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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Imaging Ca2+ Dynamics in Cone Photoreceptor Axon Terminals of the Mouse Retina

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Published on: May 6, 2015

A dynamic threshold model for terminal investment.

Kristin R Duffield¹, E Keith Bowers², Scott K Sakaluk¹

¹Behavior, Ecology, Evolution & Systematics Section, School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA.

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

|July 14, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Organisms increase current reproductive investment when future reproduction is unlikely, a strategy known as terminal investment. This study introduces a dynamic threshold model, acknowledging that internal and external factors influence this reproductive trade-off.

Keywords:

Residual reproductive value condition-dependent reproductive investment fecundity compensation life history evolution phenotypic plasticity

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Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary Biology
Life History Theory
Behavioral Ecology

Background:

Reproductive strategies vary due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
Life history theory explains variations in reproductive effort.
The terminal investment hypothesis links decreased future reproduction to increased current investment.

Purpose of the Study:

To review empirical studies on the terminal investment hypothesis.
To explore intrinsic and extrinsic factors mediating terminal investment.
To propose a novel framework for understanding terminal investment.

Main Methods:

Review of empirical studies on terminal investment.
Analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing reproductive effort.
Development of the dynamic terminal investment threshold framework.

Main Results:

Terminal investment is influenced by a variety of cues.
The threshold for terminal investment is context-dependent.
Individual's residual reproductive value is key.

Conclusions:

The terminal investment threshold is not static.
A dynamic terminal investment threshold framework is proposed.
Internal and external factors modulate reproductive investment strategies.