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The Orexin/Receptor System: Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential for Neurological Diseases

Chunmei Wang1, Qinqin Wang1, Bingyuan Ji1

  • 1Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
|July 14, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Orexins (hypocretins) regulate key physiological functions and are implicated in neurological diseases like narcolepsy and Alzheimer's. This review explores the orexin system's role in disease and therapeutic potential.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Orexins (hypocretins) are neuropeptides produced in the lateral hypothalamus.
  • They act via G-protein-coupled receptors (OX1R, OX2R) to regulate vital physiological processes.
  • Dysregulation of the orexin system is linked to various neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the expression patterns, physiological functions, and molecular mechanisms of the orexin/receptor system.
  • To examine the involvement of the orexin system in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases.
  • To provide a framework for basic research and clinical treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on orexin/receptor system.
  • Analysis of expression patterns and physiological roles.
  • Investigation of molecular mechanisms in neurological diseases.

Main Results:

  • Orexin pathways are crucial for feeding, sleep-wake cycles, reward, and energy balance.
  • The orexin system is implicated in narcolepsy, depression, stroke, addiction, and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Specific expression patterns and functions are detailed for various neurological conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The orexin/receptor system is a significant regulator of physiological homeostasis.
  • Targeting the orexin system holds therapeutic potential for diverse neurological diseases.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate its role in disease pathogenesis and treatment.
Keywords:
molecular mechanismsneurological diseaseneuroprotectiveorexinpathwayreceptor

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