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CD4+CD25highCD127low/-FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cell Subpopulations in the Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood of Children

M Niedźwiecki1, O Budziło1, M Zieliński2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland.

Journal of Immunology Research
|July 14, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are elevated in the bone marrow of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These Tregs, particularly memory Tregs, correlate with disease progression and therapeutic response, suggesting their role in ALL pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for immune homeostasis.
  • Tregs are implicated in autoimmune diseases and cancer progression, including leukemia.
  • The specific role of Treg dysregulation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role and distribution of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
  • To analyze the correlation between Treg levels and clinical parameters in ALL patients.
  • To explore the potential of Tregs as prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets in ALL.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of CD4+CD25highCD127low/-FoxP3+ Tregs in bone marrow and peripheral blood of 42 children with ALL.
  • Subpopulation analysis of Tregs, focusing on memory Tregs.
  • Correlation analysis between Treg percentages and clinical markers (blasts, Hb, minimal residual disease, leukocytosis) before and during therapy.

Main Results:

  • A statistically higher percentage of Tregs was observed in the bone marrow compared to peripheral blood in pediatric ALL patients.
  • Memory Tregs interacting with leukemic antigens showed significant differences.
  • Negative correlations were found between bone marrow Tregs and blast percentage, minimal residual disease, and leukocytosis.
  • A positive correlation was noted between bone marrow Tregs and Hb levels before therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Treg cell distribution and levels differ between bone marrow and peripheral blood in pediatric ALL.
  • Tregs, particularly memory Tregs, appear to influence the clinical course and therapeutic outcomes in ALL.
  • Tregs may serve as potential prognostic markers and targets for immunotherapy in ALL.

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