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Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

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The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
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Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
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Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways
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Hedgehog and Wnt Signaling Pathways Regulate Tail Regeneration.

Bhairab N Singh1, Cyprian V Weaver1, Mary G Garry1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Stem Cells and Development
|July 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Hedgehog (Hh) and Wnt signaling pathways are essential for newt tail regeneration. Activating these pathways promotes regeneration, while inhibiting them perturbs tissue patterning and cell proliferation.

Keywords:
Wnt signaling pathwaysnewtproliferationsonic hedgehogtail regeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Signaling

Background:

  • Urodele amphibians exhibit remarkable appendage regeneration capabilities.
  • The molecular mechanisms governing regenerative cytoarchitecture remain largely unelucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of hedgehog (Hh) and Wnt signaling in newt tail regeneration.
  • To elucidate the interplay between Hh and Wnt pathways during tail regrowth.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative PCR to assess gene expression of Hh and Wnt pathway components.
  • Pharmacological inhibition and activation of Hh and Wnt signaling.
  • BrdU incorporation and PCNA immunohistochemistry to evaluate cell proliferation.

Main Results:

  • Hh and Wnt pathway gene transcripts were induced post-amputation.
  • Hh signaling inhibition led to abnormal regenerates; activation enhanced regeneration.
  • Wnt signaling acts upstream of Hh signaling, with both pathways coordinating tail regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways are indispensable for effective tail regeneration in newts.
  • These pathways regulate blastemal cell proliferation and tissue patterning during regeneration.