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Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli
Laurent Poirel1,2,3, Jean-Yves Madec4, Agnese Lupo4
1Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Microbiology Spectrum
|July 14, 2018
Summary
Multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli is a global concern, driven by gene transfer. Veterinary antibiotic use may drive resistance, impacting human medicine.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Antimicrobial Resistance
- Public Health
Background:
- Multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli is a significant global issue in both human and veterinary medicine.
- E. coli's capacity for accumulating resistance genes, primarily via horizontal gene transfer, exacerbates this problem.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the problematic resistance mechanisms in E. coli.
- To discuss the role of veterinary medicine in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
- To highlight the mechanisms of resistance gene dissemination.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on E. coli multidrug resistance.
- Analysis of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, carbapenemases, 16S rRNA methylases, PMQR, and mcr genes.
- Discussion of the role of mobile genetic elements like plasmids, transposons, and integrons.
Main Results:
- Problematic resistance mechanisms in E. coli include genes for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, carbapenemases, 16S rRNA methylases, PMQR, and mcr genes.
- Colistin resistance in E. coli is linked to veterinary use, while carbapenemase spread is mainly in humans.
- E. coli from animals often exhibits resistance to older antimicrobials, and mobile genetic elements facilitate gene spread.
Conclusions:
- The dissemination of resistance genes in E. coli is significantly influenced by mobile genetic elements.
- Veterinary antimicrobial use can lead to coselection and persistence of resistance to critically important human medicines.
- Understanding these resistance dynamics is crucial for One Health approaches to combat antimicrobial resistance.
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