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Local Food Environments, Suburban Development, and BMI: A Mixed Methods Study.

Maureen Murphy1, Hannah Badland2, Helen Jordan3

  • 1Centre for Health Equity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia. maureenm1@student.unimelb.edu.au.

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Urban planning impacts health. This study found fast food access affects body mass index (BMI) differently in established vs. growing city areas, highlighting planning

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Urban planning and public health
  • Environmental health and nutrition
  • Socioeconomic determinants of health

Background:

  • Over half the global population resides in urban areas, with cities expanding rapidly.
  • Urban sprawl, car dependency, and low-density development contribute to physical inactivity and obesity.
  • Urban design and planning can improve health outcomes by enhancing access to healthy food, public transport, and services.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate associations between food outlet access and body mass index (BMI) in urban-growth and established areas.
  • To identify factors influencing local food environments within a major Australian city.
  • To provide insights for urban planning strategies aimed at improving health and reducing inequities.

Main Methods:

  • Sequential mixed methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative data.
  • Analysis of population survey data from 3141 adults examining associations between food outlet access and BMI.
  • 27 semi-structured interviews with government, non-government, and private sector stakeholders to contextualize findings.

Main Results:

  • Fast food outlet density showed a positive association with BMI in established urban areas.
  • Fast food outlet density demonstrated a negative association with BMI in urban-growth areas.
  • Car dependency, poor public transport, and low-density development were identified as barriers to healthy food access.

Conclusions:

  • Suburban development patterns significantly influence local food environments and health outcomes in urban settings.
  • Understanding differential food environment effects within cities is crucial for targeted urban planning.
  • Findings offer valuable insights for rapidly growing cities aiming to improve population health and reduce health disparities.