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Resonance

Resonance

The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N-O and N=O bonds.

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals

Ideally, an unpaired electron shows a single peak in the EPR spectrum due to the transition between the two spin energy states. However, coupling interactions can occur between the spins of the unpaired electron and any neighboring spin-active nuclei. This hyperfine coupling results in hyperfine splitting, where the EPR signal is split into multiplets. The signals split into 2nI + 1 peaks, where n is the number of equivalent nuclei and I is the nuclear spin. These splitting patterns provide...

Series Resonance

Series Resonance

The RLC circuit impedance is defined as the ratio of the supply voltage to the circuit current. Resonance in such a circuit occurs when the imaginary part of this impedance equals zero. This specific condition means that the inductive reactance is exactly equal to the capacitive reactance. The frequency at which this happens is known as the resonant frequency. Mathematically, the resonant frequency is inversely proportional to the square root of the product of the inductance (L) and capacitance...

Parallel Resonance

Parallel Resonance

The parallel RLC circuit is an arrangement where the resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) are all connected to the same nodes and, as a result, share the same voltage across them. The parallel RLC circuit is analyzed in terms of admittance (Y), which reflects the ease with which current can flow. The admittance is given by:

Sound Waves: Resonance

Sound Waves: Resonance

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Resonance and Hybrid Structures

Resonance and Hybrid Structures

According to the theory of resonance, if two or more Lewis structures with the same arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule, ion, or radical, the actual distribution of electrons is an average of that shown by the various Lewis structures.
Resonance Structures and Resonance Hybrids
The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N–O and N=O bonds.

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Adjacent-resonance etalon cancellation in ring-down spectroscopy.

Bradley M Gibson

|July 14, 2018

Summary

Adjacent-resonance etalon cancellation significantly reduces errors in cavity ring-down spectroscopy. This technique improves noise-equivalent absorption and eases identification of absorption peaks in spectral data.

Area of Science:

Spectroscopy
Optical Physics
Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy

Background:

Unwanted etalons introduce systematic and random errors in cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS).
These etalon-induced fringing effects can obscure spectral features and increase noise.
Accurate measurements in CRDS require mitigation of these optical interference artifacts.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and demonstrate a novel method for reducing etalon errors in CRDS.
To improve the signal-to-noise ratio and data reliability in CRDS measurements.
To enhance the identification of absorption peaks in trace gas analysis.

Main Methods:

Adjacent-resonance etalon cancellation technique.
Symmetric stretching of the ring-down cavity about its center point.

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Acquisition of two data sets at cavity lengths separated by half a wavelength (λ/2).

Averaging of the two data sets to cancel fringing components.

Main Results:

Demonstrated significant reduction in systematic and random errors caused by etalons.
Observed dramatic reduction in oscillations of effective mirror reflectivities.
Achieved a decrease in noise-equivalent absorption and an increase in maximum effective averaging time.
Successfully eased absorption peak identification in trace water spectra.

Conclusions:

Adjacent-resonance etalon cancellation is an effective method for improving CRDS performance.
The technique enhances data quality by minimizing etalon-induced noise and systematic errors.
This method facilitates more accurate and reliable spectroscopic measurements, particularly for trace gas detection.