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Solvation in Space-time: Pretransition Effects in Trajectory Space.

Shachi Katira1, Juan P Garrahan2,3, Kranthi K Mandadapu1,4

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We found space-time pretransition effects in systems with first-order phase transitions, analogous to water's hydrophobic effect. This "space-time solvation" reveals distinct entropic and energetic regimes, impacting collective dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Complex Systems
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Dynamical systems exhibiting first-order phase transitions show pretransition effects.
  • These effects are analogous to thermodynamic phenomena, such as the hydrophobic effect in water.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate and characterize pretransition effects in space-time trajectories.
  • To investigate the concept of "space-time solvation" using the East model.
  • To explore the dynamical analog of the hydrophobic effect.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing trajectories of systems with first-order dynamical phase transitions.
  • Employing the (infinite temperature) East model as a representative system.
  • Simulating space-time regions conditioned to be inactive within an active phase.

Main Results:

  • Identified two regimes of "space-time solvation" free energy: entropic (small solute) and energetic (large solute).
  • Observed the formation of inactive domains with interfacial tension in the energetic regime.
  • Demonstrated a dynamical analog of hydrophobic collapse driven by interfacial tension.

Conclusions:

  • Pretransition effects in space-time are a general feature of systems with first-order dynamical phase transitions.
  • Space-time solvation dynamics offer insights into collective relaxation in complex systems like glass formers.
  • Dynamical interfacial tension plays a crucial role in self-assembly phenomena.