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SN1 Reaction: Stereochemistry

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This lesson provides an in-depth discussion of the stereochemical outcomes in an SN1 reaction.
In the first step of an SN1 reaction, the bond between the electrophilic carbon and the leaving group ionizes to generate the carbocation intermediate. The second step of the mechanism is the nucleophilic attack.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

An In vitro Co-infection Model to Study Plasmodium falciparum-HIV-1 Interactions in Human Primary Monocyte-derived Immune Cells

An In vitro Co-infection Model to Study Plasmodium falciparum-HIV-1 Interactions in Human Primary Monocyte-derived Immune Cells

Published on: August 15, 2012

Modelling interaction between HIV-1 Nef and calnexin.

Alexei A Adzhubei^1,2, Anastasia A Anashkina¹, Yaroslav V Tkachev¹

¹Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

AIDS (London, England)

|July 14, 2018

Summary

Researchers modeled the interaction between HIV Nef and calnexin, identifying compounds that inhibit this interaction. An analog of a tested compound effectively reversed Nef

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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Replication and Infectivity

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Published on: June 14, 2024

Area of Science:

Molecular biology and virology
Drug discovery and medicinal chemistry
Cardiovascular research

Background:

HIV-associated atherosclerosis is a significant comorbidity linked to the virus's impact on cholesterol metabolism.
The HIV protein Nef disrupts the maturation of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABCA) 1, a key cellular cholesterol transporter.
Nef interferes with ABCA1 maturation by binding to and impairing the function of calnexin, an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone.

Purpose of the Study:

To model the interaction interface between HIV Nef and calnexin.
To identify small molecule compounds capable of inhibiting the Nef-calnexin interaction.
To explore therapeutic strategies for HIV-associated comorbidities.

Main Methods:

Molecular dynamics simulations were used to model the calnexin cytoplasmic domain.
Global docking and QASDOM software were employed for receptor-ligand complex analysis.
Structure-based virtual screening identified potential inhibitory compounds, with one analog tested in vitro.

Main Results:

Key interaction sites between calnexin and Nef were identified.
Virtual screening revealed small molecules that could block the calnexin interaction site.
A Nef inhibitor analog, AMS-55, effectively reversed Nef's negative impact on ABCA1 levels.

Conclusions:

The study successfully modeled the Nef-calnexin interaction and identified potential inhibitors.
Experimental validation confirmed the effectiveness of a novel inhibitory compound.
These findings offer a basis for developing new treatments for HIV-related cardiovascular issues.