Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026
The Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and EEG Monitoring Using Radiotelemetry System in Mice
Published on: February 27, 2018
Small sharp spikes as EEG markers of mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy
Naoum P Issa1, Shasha Wu1, Sandra Rose1
1Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, USA.
Objective:
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is the most common type of focal epilepsy, but often lacks scalp EEG correlates. We ask if hippocampal epileptiform discharges that are characteristic of mTLE are associated with small sharp spikes (SSS) recorded on scalp EEG. SSS are considered benign waveforms, so are not currently used as markers of epilepsy.
Methods:
To determine if there is a relationship between SSS and hippocampal discharges, simultaneous scalp and hippocampal depth electrode EEGs were recorded from 27 patients being evaluated for possible mTLE. Scalp EEG waveforms were assessed at the time of hippocampal discharges identified on intracranial hippocampal depth electrodes.
Results:
15 of 27 patients had SSS on scalp EEG that were time locked to hippocampal epileptiform discharges measured intracranially. These hippocampal spikes tended to have overlying high frequency oscillations and to co-localize with a seizure onset zone, suggesting that they were pathological discharges.
Conclusions:
There is a tight coupling between a subset of pathological hippocampal discharges and SSS.
Significance:
SSS can be scalp EEG markers of mTLE rather than normal EEG variants.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:22Lobes of the Cerebrum
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements....
01:24Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
01:19Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
02:44Atomic Orbitals
03:24Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I
02:46Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...