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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Small Molecule Screening and Toxicity Testing in Early-stage Zebrafish Larvae
Published on: March 7, 2025
Mycotoxins induce developmental toxicity and behavioural aberrations in zebrafish larvae.
Abdolrahman Khezri1, Juan G Herranz-Jusdado2, Erik Ropstad3
1Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Science, Pb. 8146 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway.
This study reveals that mycotoxins, such as ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEN), cause developmental defects and affect hatching in zebrafish. Some mycotoxins also induced behavioral changes, highlighting their toxicity.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Developmental Biology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites contaminating food and feed, posing health risks.
- Zebrafish larvae are a valuable model for assessing toxicity due to their rapid development and transparency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the developmental and behavioral toxicity of six mycotoxins in zebrafish larvae.
- To determine the toxicological profiles and identify specific mycotoxins affecting development and behavior.
Main Methods:
- Zebrafish embryos were exposed to ochratoxin A (OTA), T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), α-ZOL, and β-ZOL.
- Developmental endpoints (defects, hatching, survival) were monitored up to 96 hours post-fertilization (hpf).
- Behavioral toxicity was assessed using non-lethal doses of selected mycotoxins.
Main Results:
- All tested mycotoxins exhibited toxicity, causing developmental defects and impacting hatching time (except OTA).
- Ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites (α-ZOL, β-ZOL) were found to induce behavioral changes.
- Calculated EC50, LC50, and IC50 values quantified the toxicity of each mycotoxin.
Conclusions:
- Mycotoxins demonstrate teratogenic potential, causing significant developmental abnormalities in zebrafish.
- Specific mycotoxins, including OTA and ZEN, can alter vertebrate behavior, indicating neurotoxic effects.
- This study underscores the importance of monitoring mycotoxin contamination in food and feed for public health protection.
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