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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

27.1K
RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
27.1K
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

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Overview
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The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
18.9K
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

53.1K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

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Eukaryotic DNA polymerases.

Rinku Jain1, Aneel K Aggarwal1, Olga Rechkoblit1

  • 1Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1677, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Current Opinion in Structural Biology
|July 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

DNA polymerases are crucial for DNA replication and repair in eukaryotes. Recent research illuminates their structure, mechanisms, and paradoxical roles in cancer development and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Eukaryotic DNA replication involves multiple DNA polymerases for strand duplication.
  • Specialized DNA polymerases are essential for DNA repair and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding DNA polymerase structure and mechanisms.
  • To highlight the role of DNA polymerases in cancer etiology and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on DNA polymerase structure and function.
  • Analysis of evidence linking DNA polymerases to cancer origins.
  • Exploration of DNA polymerases as therapeutic targets in oncology.

Main Results:

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Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells
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Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells

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DNA Polymerase Activity Assay Using Near-infrared Fluorescent Labeled DNA Visualized by Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
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DNA Polymerase Activity Assay Using Near-infrared Fluorescent Labeled DNA Visualized by Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

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Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells
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Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells

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DNA Polymerase Activity Assay Using Near-infrared Fluorescent Labeled DNA Visualized by Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
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  • Significant progress has been made in elucidating the structure and mechanisms of eukaryotic DNA polymerases.
  • Growing evidence implicates DNA polymerases in the development of various cancers.
  • DNA polymerases are emerging as paradoxical targets for novel cancer therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DNA polymerase function is critical for comprehending genome stability and disease.
  • Targeting DNA polymerases offers a promising, albeit complex, strategy for cancer treatment.