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Related Experiment Video

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Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance
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Motivation dynamically increases noise resistance by internal feedback during movement.

Sanjay G Manohar1, Kinan Muhammed2, Sean J Fallon3

  • 1Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Level 6 West Wing, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Psychology, 15 Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.

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PubMed
Summary

Motivation enhances performance by strengthening neural feedback, reducing noise. This process, while costly, improves precision in both cognitive and motor tasks by stabilizing neural representations.

Keywords:
Cognitive effortEye movementsMotivationNoiseOculomotorOptimal control theoryRewardSaccades

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Motivation is known to improve performance by overcoming limitations.
  • A proposed mechanism involves reducing neural noise at a cost.
  • Negative feedback may stabilize neural representations against disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if reward-driven motivation enhances precision by increasing internal negative feedback.
  • To investigate the underlying neural mechanisms of motivation-induced performance improvements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized eye movement (saccade) tasks to assess motor performance.
  • Analyzed saccade trajectories, amplitude, velocity, and endpoint precision.
  • Quantified the relationship between eye position variation and endpoint variation during saccades.

Main Results:

  • Reward significantly increased saccade amplitude, velocity, and endpoint precision.
  • Reward reduced the predictive relationship between eye position variation and endpoint variation.
  • This suggests more effective error correction during motivated saccades.

Conclusions:

  • Motivation improves precision through increased internal negative feedback, enhancing attractor stability.
  • This mechanism incurs a cost but explains improvements in both cognitive and motor precision.
  • Reward-mediated enhancement of negative feedback offers a framework for understanding performance optimization.