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The Impact of Systemic Inflammation on Neurodevelopment

Nona M Jiang1, Maureen Cowan1, Shannon N Moonah1

  • 1University of Virginia, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, MR4 Building Room 2115, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.

Trends in Molecular Medicine
|July 15, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Early life inflammation impacts brain development, potentially causing neurodevelopmental disorders. Understanding these effects may lead to new treatments for conditions like autism and schizophrenia.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Inflammatory mediators play a crucial role in brain development.
  • Early life inflammation is increasingly linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, cognitive impairment, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the mechanisms by which inflammatory molecules affect the developing brain.
  • To explore the roles of specific biological systems in mediating these effects.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric disorders stemming from inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on systemic inflammation and children's neurodevelopment.
  • Discussion of potential mechanisms involving MHC class I molecules, the HPA axis, glial cells, and monoamine metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Systemic inflammation during early life can significantly impact neurodevelopment.
  • Specific molecular and cellular pathways (MHC class I, HPA axis, glial cells, monoamine metabolism) are implicated in mediating these effects.

Conclusions:

  • Preventing cytokine imbalance could lead to novel therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Future research should prioritize identifying at-risk individuals and developing early interventions to mitigate long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities.

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