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When an object moves with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object changes at a constant rate throughout the motion. The kinematic equations of motions are derived for such cases where the acceleration of the object is constant. The first kinematic equation gives an insight into the relationship between velocity, acceleration, and time. We can see, for example:
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Loading and kinematic profiles for patellofemoral durability testing.

Alessandro Navacchia1, Chadd W Clary1, Xuzheng Han1

  • 1Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, The University of Denver, 2390 S. York St., Denver, CO 80208, USA.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|July 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Developing patient-specific loading profiles for total knee replacement (TKR) testing revealed high stresses during high-flexion activities. These new profiles better simulate real-world patellofemoral conditions, improving pre-clinical durability assessments for TKR implants.

Keywords:
Durability testFinite elementPatellofemoral jointTKRWear

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Medical Device Testing

Background:

  • Patellar complications after total knee replacement (TKR) can lead to implant failure and revision surgery.
  • Existing in vitro patellofemoral durability tests lack implant specificity and patient variability.
  • Current standards (ISO 14243-5, draft) use generic loading profiles not representative of individual patient biomechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive implant-specific patellofemoral loading profiles for high knee flexion motor tasks.
  • To incorporate inter-patient variability into in vitro durability testing of TKR.
  • To identify worst-case loading scenarios for patellar component pre-clinical evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Collected in vivo motion capture and stereo-radiographic data from eleven TKR patients performing a single-leg lunge.
  • Estimated quadriceps and patellofemoral contact forces using musculoskeletal and patient-specific finite element models.
  • Derived and experimentally validated seven loading profiles using a 6-DOF testing machine and FE models of the simulator.

Main Results:

  • Identified two worst-case loading profiles inducing high stresses (43-46% volume surpassing yield stress) in the patellar button.
  • These profiles correlated with significant internal/external patellar rotation (4.4°/13.0°) and high mediolateral contact forces (up to 915 N).
  • A finite element model of the experimental simulator accurately replicated experimental peak deformations.

Conclusions:

  • Developed patient-specific kinematic and loading profiles simulate high-demand motor tasks and capture inter-patient variability.
  • These profiles represent worst-case patellofemoral configurations for TKR.
  • The derived profiles are suitable for pre-clinical testing and design optimization of new patellar components.