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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action01:28

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Depolarizing blockers act on skeletal muscle fibers' membranes and induce their depolarization. Most depolarizing blockers have two quaternary N+ atoms that bind the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and cause neuromuscular blockade within minutes.
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Ganglionic blockers inhibit autonomic activity by blocking nicotinic receptors in the autonomic ganglia, suppressing impulse transmission. These blockers lack selectivity between sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia and are ineffective as neuromuscular junction antagonists. They can be categorized into two groups:
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Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker
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Beta-Blocker Propranolol Modulates Decision Urgency During Sequential Information Gathering.

Tobias U Hauser1,2, Michael Moutoussis3,2, Nina Purg3

  • 1Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom, t.hauser@ucl.ac.uk.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|July 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noradrenaline blockade decreases information gathering by increasing decision urgency. Dopamine antagonism had intermediate effects. This suggests new treatment avenues for disorders with information gathering deficits.

Keywords:
decision makinginformation gatheringnoradrenaline

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychopharmacology

Background:

  • Effective decision-making requires balancing timely choices with thorough information gathering.
  • Aberrant information gathering is linked to psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and OCD.
  • Neurocognitive control mechanisms underlying information gathering remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of noradrenaline and dopamine in regulating information gathering behavior.
  • To examine how noradrenaline and dopamine antagonism affect decision-making under uncertainty.
  • To elucidate the neurocognitive processes influencing the trade-off between information gain and decision commitment.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 60 healthy participants.
  • Administration of propranolol (noradrenaline antagonist) and amisulpride (dopamine antagonist).
  • Performance on an information sampling task analyzed using a Bayesian computational model.

Main Results:

  • Noradrenaline blockade with propranolol significantly decreased information gathering.
  • Dopamine antagonism with amisulpride showed intermediate effects, not statistically significant.
  • Computational modeling revealed that noradrenaline blockade enhances a decision-related urgency signal, promoting earlier commitment.

Conclusions:

  • Noradrenaline plays a crucial role in modulating decision urgency during information gathering.
  • The findings suggest that noradrenaline influences the subjective cost of continued sampling.
  • This research offers potential new therapeutic targets for psychiatric conditions characterized by abnormal information gathering.