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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
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Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
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Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
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The identity of a substance is defined not only by the types of atoms or ions it contains but by the quantity of each type of atom or ion. For example, water, H2O, and hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, are alike in that their respective molecules are composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. However, because a hydrogen peroxide molecule contains two oxygen atoms, as opposed to the water molecule, which has only one, the two substances exhibit very different properties.
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Related Experiment Video

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In vitro Assessment of Cardiac Reprogramming by Measuring Cardiac Specific Calcium Flux with a GCaMP3 Reporter
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A male with multiple cardiac masses.

Manasawee Indrabhinduwat1,2, Maria C Arciniegas Calle1, Joseph P Colgan1

  • 1Cardiovascular Diseases Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

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Summary

This case highlights secondary cardiac lymphoma, a rare condition presenting as intracardiac masses causing obstruction. Aggressive chemotherapy led to a positive clinical response and mass reduction, demonstrating its effectiveness in managing cardiac lymphoma.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Secondary cardiac lymphoma, while less common than primary cardiac tumors, presents a diagnostic challenge.
  • Early recognition is crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • A 37-year-old male with high-grade B-cell lymphoma developed symptoms including cough, dyspnea, weight loss, and fever.
  • Physical exam revealed bilateral wheezing and a cardiac murmur.
  • Multimodality imaging (echocardiography, cardiac CT) identified multiple intracardiac masses in the right ventricle, right atrium, and left atrium, causing outflow tract obstruction and pulmonary vein occlusion.

Findings:

  • Biopsies confirmed high-grade B-cell lymphoma.
  • Cardiac masses led to partial obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract and impaired right ventricular systolic function.
  • The infiltrative mass extended into both atria, occluding the right superior pulmonary vein.

Implications:

  • Aggressive chemotherapy resulted in significant mass reduction and clinical improvement, underscoring its role as the primary treatment modality.
  • Multimodality imaging is essential for comprehensive evaluation, staging, and management planning of cardiac lymphoma.
  • While chemotherapy is the mainstay, surgery may be considered for refractory cases with hemodynamic compromise.