Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026
08:08
Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery
Published on: May 6, 2020
4.2K
Functional brain mapping: overview of techniques and their application to neurosurgery
Soumya Sagar1, Jonathan Rick1, Ankush Chandra1
1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 505 Parnassus Avenue Room M779, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0112, USA.
Neurosurgical Review
|July 15, 2018
Summary
Functional brain mapping (FBM) aids neurosurgery by identifying critical brain areas. Non-invasive techniques like fMRI are increasingly vital for precise glioma resection and cognitive studies.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Neuroscience
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Functional brain mapping (FBM) is essential for safe brain lesion resection, particularly gliomas.
- Eloquent cortical regions (motor, somatosensory, Wernicke's, Broca's) require precise mapping.
- FBM has evolved significantly, with a trend towards non-invasive methods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the principles, applications, pros, cons, and advancements of nine FBM techniques.
- To highlight the role of FBM in neurosurgery and other neurological studies.
- To discuss the future trajectory of brain mapping technologies.
Main Methods:
- Review of nine functional brain mapping techniques.
- Comparison of invasive (direct electrical stimulation) and non-invasive methods (fMRI, magnetoencephalography).
- Discussion of combined modalities like fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging.
Main Results:
- Direct electrical stimulation remains a gold standard despite invasiveness.
- Non-invasive techniques (fMRI, MEG) offer patient comfort, speed, and thoroughness.
- Combined imaging modalities enhance delineation accuracy.
Conclusions:
- Non-invasive functional brain mapping techniques are becoming increasingly dominant.
- Advancements in physics, algorithms, and validation are improving sensitivity and accuracy.
- FBM techniques are valuable beyond neurosurgery, aiding stroke, Alzheimer's, and cognition research.
More Related Videos
11:57Whole-Brain 3D Activation and Functional Connectivity Mapping in Mice using Transcranial Functional Ultrasound Imaging
Published on: February 24, 2021
11.6K
13:12Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
Published on: August 12, 2019
46.5K
Related Concept Videos
01:19Overview of Functional Groups
16.4K
Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, certain functional groups will make a molecule hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each functional group is a unique...
16.4K
01:11Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview
2.4K
The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
2.4K
02:22Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
30.1K
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
30.1K
01:22Overview of Microscopy Techniques
16.6K
The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
16.6K
01:15Overview of Myosin Structure and Function
6.7K
Myosins are a family of molecular motor proteins, first identified in the skeletal muscles, where they are responsible for muscle contraction. Along with their role in muscle contraction, these proteins also play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules and vesicles. There are twenty-four classes of myosins based on their domain sequence and organization. Of the twenty-four, six classes (Myosin I, Myosin II, Myosin V, Myosin VI, Myosin VII, and Myosin X) have been well...
6.7K
01:12Double Resonance Techniques: Overview
772
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
772