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Viral Recombination00:57

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Procedure to Evaluate the Efficiency of Flocculants for the Removal of Dispersed Particles from Plant Extracts
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Continuous cell flocculation for recombinant antibody harvesting.

Daniel Burgstaller1, Walpurga Krepper1, Josselyn Haas2

  • 1Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) Vienna Austria.

Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)
|July 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Continuous cell separation using flocculation and depth filtration was developed. This integrated, disposable system reduces filtration area by 4x, ensuring high yields and DNA depletion for biopharmaceutical production.

Keywords:
animal cellbiochemical engineeringbioseparationsfiltrationproteins

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Area of Science:

  • Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Process Development

Background:

  • Integrated continuous production is crucial for the biopharmaceutical industry.
  • Efficient, cost-effective cell removal methods are needed for fully continuous processes.
  • This study focuses on developing a continuous cell separation setup.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test an integrated continuous and disposable system for cell separation.
  • To combine flocculation with depth filtration for enhanced efficiency.
  • To optimize flocculation agents and depth filters for bioprocessing.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of flocculation agents, including polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (pDADMAC).
  • Evaluation of Clarisolve® depth filters under continuous operation.
  • Utilizing tubular reactors with parallelized filtration and on-line monitoring.

Main Results:

  • Optimized system used 0.0375% pDADMAC and Clarisolve® filters.
  • Achieved a 4-fold reduction in filtration area compared to standard methods.
  • Demonstrated yields ≥97% and DNA depletion up to 99% with continuous operation.

Conclusions:

  • Stable and efficient continuous flocculation with depth filtration is achievable.
  • The developed system is cost-efficient, disposable, and reduces facility footprint.
  • This technology is essential for advancing fully continuous integrated process trains in biopharmaceutical manufacturing.