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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Histone Modification02:32

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Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents01:16

Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents

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Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

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 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
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Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids
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Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids

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Cellulose modification by recyclable swelling solvents.

Ximing Zhang1, Tianjiao Qu2, Nathan S Mosier1

  • 11Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.

Biotechnology for Biofuels
|July 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and phosphorous acid (PA) efficiently decrystallize cellulose at low temperatures, enhancing enzymatic digestion. This process significantly boosts the conversion of cellulose, paving the way for bio-based chemical and biofuel production.

Keywords:
Cellulose modificationCrystallinityEnzymatic hydrolysisPhosphoric acidSwelling agentTrifluoroacetic acid

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Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
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Area of Science:

  • Biomass Conversion
  • Biocatalysis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Efficient lignocellulose conversion is crucial for bio-based chemical and biofuel production.
  • Cellulose decrystallization is a key bottleneck in enzymatic hydrolysis.
  • Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and phosphorous acid (PA) were investigated for their potential to enhance cellulose decrystallization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of TFA and PA-induced swelling on crystalline cellulose.
  • To compare the effectiveness of TFA and PA in decrystallizing cellulose.
  • To assess the enhancement of enzymatic digestion following cellulose swelling.

Main Methods:

  • Cellulose samples were treated with TFA and PA at low temperatures.
  • Swollen cellulose morphology was analyzed.
  • Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on treated and untreated cellulose.
  • X-ray diffractability and NMR were used to characterize structural changes.

Main Results:

  • TFA and PA rapidly decrystallized cellulose within 1 hour at low temperatures.
  • Swollen cellulose exhibited altered microscopic morphology.
  • Over 90% cellulose conversion was achieved within 24 hours via enzymatic hydrolysis.
  • NMR and X-ray diffraction confirmed the conversion of crystalline to amorphous cellulose regions, inhibiting recrystallization.

Conclusions:

  • Low-temperature swelling with TFA and PA effectively reduces cellulose recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis.
  • TFA and PA are suitable for closed systems due to easy solvent recovery (distillation or filtration).
  • These agents show promise for large-scale biomass deconstruction.