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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies
Published on: November 5, 2015
Graphene oxide liquid crystals: a frontier 2D soft material for graphene-based functional materials
Suchithra Padmajan Sasikala1, Joonwon Lim, In Ho Kim
1National Creative Research Initiative Centre for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. sangouk@kaist.ac.kr.
Abstract:
Graphene, despite being the best known strong and electrical/thermal conductive material, has found limited success in practical applications, mostly due to difficulties in the formation of desired large-scale highly organized structures. Our discovery of a liquid crystalline phase formation in graphene oxide dispersion has enabled a broad spectrum of highly aligned graphene-based structures, including films, fibers, membranes, and mesoscale structures. In this review, the current understanding of the structure-property relationship of graphene oxide liquid crystals (GOLCs) is overviewed. Various synthetic methods and parameters that can be optimized for GOLC phase formation are highlighted. Along with the results from different characterization methods for the identification of the GOLC phases, the typical characteristics of different types of GOLC phases introduced so far, including nematic, lamellar and chiral phases, are carefully discussed. Finally, various interesting applications of GOLCs are outlined together with the future prospects for their further developments.
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