Isoproterenol-induced cardiac ischemia and fibrosis: Plant-based approaches for intervention

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Pharmacology
• Natural Product Research

Background:

• Myocardial infarction is a critical cardiac complication.
• Isoproterenol (ISP)-induced myocardial ischemia is a standard preclinical model for evaluating cardioprotective agents.
• Phytochemicals are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of the utility of ISP-induced cardiotoxicity, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac fibrosis in preclinical research.
• To survey the molecular mechanisms of various plant-based interventions screened for cardioprotective effects against ISP-induced cardiotoxicity.
• To summarize the probable mechanistic profiles of these phytochemical interventions.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on phytochemicals and their effects on ISP-induced cardiotoxicity.
• Analysis of studies screening plant products like coriander, curcumin, Momordica, quercetin, and Withania somnifera.
• Examination of molecular pathways modulated by these phytochemicals, including reactive oxygen species scavenging, anti-inflammatory effects, and signaling pathway modulation (Nrf2, NFкB, PAK1, p-smad2/3).

Main Results:

• Several phytochemicals demonstrate efficacy in ameliorating ISP-induced myocardial ischemia.
• Mechanisms of protection involve antioxidant, anti-inflammatory actions, and modulation of critical molecular pathways.
• Plant-based compounds show potential in preventing cardiac damage and aiding cardiac remodeling.

Conclusions:

• Phytochemicals represent a viable therapeutic strategy for managing myocardial ischemia and cardiotoxicity.
• Understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant-based interventions is crucial for developing novel cardioprotective therapies.
• The ISP-induced model is valuable for preclinical screening of natural products for cardiac protection.