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Growth of infants and young children born small for gestational age: growth restriction accompanied by overweight

Xiulian Wang1, Jianzhen Zhu2, Chong Guo3

  • 11 Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

The Journal of International Medical Research
|July 17, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Children born small for gestational age (SGA) remain smaller than appropriate for gestational age (AGA) peers at age five. SGA infants experience higher rates of overweight and obesity between four and 18 months.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Growth and Development
  • Neonatal Health Outcomes
  • Childhood Obesity Studies

Background:

  • Children born small for gestational age (SGA) may experience altered growth trajectories.
  • Understanding long-term growth patterns and early childhood health risks for SGA infants is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare growth profiles of SGA children with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) children.
  • To examine growth patterns and risks of overweight/obesity in SGA children during early childhood.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal survey of 23,871 SGA children in Shanghai.
  • Growth assessments (weight, height, head circumference) at multiple time points from infancy to 5 years.
  • Comparison with AGA children's growth data.

Main Results:

  • At 5 years, SGA children had lower weight, height, and head circumference than AGA children.
  • SGA infants showed significantly higher proportions of overweight and obesity from 4 to 18 months compared to AGA infants.
  • Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in SGA boys than SGA girls during this period.

Conclusions:

  • Children born SGA exhibit persistent deficits in growth (height, weight, head circumference) by age 5 compared to AGA peers.
  • A high incidence of overweight and obesity is observed in SGA children between 4 and 18 months of age.
  • SGA boys face more severe overweight and obesity challenges than SGA girls in early childhood.

Keywords:
Small for gestational agecatch-up growthgrowth chartgrowth restrictionobesityoverweight

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