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Fusion from without induced by herpes simplex virus type 1.

D Falke, A Knoblich, S Müller

    Intervirology
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strains ANG and ANG path cause rapid cell fusion from without (FFWO). This process is temperature and pH dependent, occurring in specific cell types and linked to virus particles, not viral genes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a common human pathogen.
    • Understanding viral mechanisms for cell-to-cell spread is crucial for antiviral development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the phenomenon of fusion from without (FFWO) induced by specific HSV-1 strains.
    • To characterize the conditions and requirements for HSV-1 mediated FFWO.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of FFWO and fusion from within (FFWI) kinetics.
    • Assessment of FFWO activity across different temperatures and pH levels.
    • Evaluation of FFWO induction in various cell lines and its dependence on viral components and cellular factors.

    Main Results:

    • HSV-1 strains ANG and ANG path induced rapid FFWO, completing within 45 minutes, contrasting with slower FFWI.
    • FFWO demonstrated temperature dependency and an optimal pH range of 7.8-8.5.
    • FFWO activity was observed in Vero, CV-1, and BSC1 cells but not in BHK clone 13 or rabbit kidney cells.
    • FFWO was associated with virus particles and infected-cell material, independent of soluble factors or direct viral gene activity.

    Conclusions:

    • HSV-1 mediated FFWO is a distinct, rapid cell-cell fusion mechanism.
    • This process is influenced by environmental conditions and cellular context.
    • FFWO is mediated by viral structural components rather than active viral gene expression.

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