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RNA Structure01:23

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Assessment of DNA Contamination in RNA Samples Based on Ribosomal DNA
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RNA/DNA structures recognized by RNase H2.

Kenji Kojima1, Misato Baba1, Motoki Tsukiashi1

  • 1Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

Briefings in Functional Genomics
|July 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Ribonuclease H2 (RNase H2) enzymes cleave RNA within DNA hybrids. This review details RNase H2 structures, focusing on its roles in DNA repair and R-loop removal.

Keywords:
Aicardi–Goutières syndromeR-loopRNase H2double-strand breakribonuclease H2ribonucleotide

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Ribonuclease H (RNase H) enzymes degrade RNA from RNA/DNA hybrids.
  • RNase H enzymes are classified into Type 1 and Type 2 families.
  • Type 2 RNase H enzymes (RNase HII/H2) cleave ribonucleotides in DNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structures recognized by RNase H2.
  • To highlight the physiological roles of RNase H2.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of RNase H2 research.
  • Analysis of structural data for RNase H2.

Main Results:

  • RNase H2 excises single ribonucleotides from genomic DNA.
  • RNase H2 is involved in R-loop removal.
  • RNase H2 plays a role in DNA double-strand break repair.

Conclusions:

  • RNase H2 recognizes specific structures within RNA/DNA hybrids.
  • RNase H2 is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity.