Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

79.8K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
79.8K
Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

6.7K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
6.7K
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

3.2K
The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
3.2K
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

7.4K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
7.4K
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

1.1K
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
1.1K
Problem-Solving: Tuning of a Guitar String01:04

Problem-Solving: Tuning of a Guitar String

1.1K
In the case of stringed instruments like the guitar, the elastic property that determines the speed of the sound produced is its linear mass density or the mass per unit length. This is simply called the linear density. If the string's linear density is constant along the string, then the linear density is simply the total mass divided by the total length.
The string's wave speed can be regulated by varying the linear density. Tension is the other property that determines the speed of...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lateral septum GABAergic neurons mediate the effects of dexmedetomidine on allodynia and sleep in a male mouse model of neuropathic pain.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Wetland succession reshapes microbial degradation of plant- and microbial-derived carbon.

Journal of environmental management·2026
Same author

Synergistic Effects of the Si/Al Stoichiometry and Catalyst Content on the Growth Mechanism of Mullite Whiskers.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

TRACE: End-to-end temporal inference and annotation of animal behaviors from video.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Coupling urbanization and landscape ecological risk in the agricultural-dominant Liaohe River Basin.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Shared neural substrates of prosocial and parenting behaviours.

Nature·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

High Resolution Quantitative Synaptic Proteome Profiling of Mouse Brain Regions After Auditory Discrimination Learning
10:36

High Resolution Quantitative Synaptic Proteome Profiling of Mouse Brain Regions After Auditory Discrimination Learning

Published on: December 15, 2016

11.0K

Synaptic Mechanisms for Bandwidth Tuning in Awake Mouse Primary Auditory Cortex.

Haifu Li1,2, Feixue Liang2,3, Wen Zhong1,2

  • 1Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|July 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Auditory cortex neurons show bandwidth tuning, with nonmonotonic neurons increasing in upper layers. Excitatory synaptic input and inhibitory neurons shape this tuning, aiding complex sound processing.

Keywords:
excitatory and inhibitory synaptic mechanisminhibitory cortical neuronsprimary auditory cortexsize tuning

More Related Videos

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

11.2K
Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain
09:29

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain

Published on: October 11, 2017

12.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

High Resolution Quantitative Synaptic Proteome Profiling of Mouse Brain Regions After Auditory Discrimination Learning
10:36

High Resolution Quantitative Synaptic Proteome Profiling of Mouse Brain Regions After Auditory Discrimination Learning

Published on: December 15, 2016

11.0K
Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

11.2K
Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain
09:29

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain

Published on: October 11, 2017

12.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Sensory Perception

Background:

  • Spatial size tuning is crucial in the visual cortex.
  • Analogous mechanisms in the auditory system remain debated.
  • Understanding auditory cortex function is key to sensory perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate bandwidth tuning in the primary auditory cortex (A1).
  • Characterize neuronal responses to band-passed noise (BPN) stimuli.
  • Determine the mechanisms underlying auditory bandwidth selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted cell-attached and whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings in awake mice.
  • Utilized band-passed noise (BPN) stimuli to assess neuronal responses.
  • Analyzed excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to auditory neurons.

Main Results:

  • Identified three types of excitatory neurons based on bandwidth tuning: nonmonotonic (NM), flat, and monotonic.
  • Observed an increased prevalence of NM neurons from layer 4 to layer 2/3 in the A1.
  • Found that excitatory synaptic input largely determines bandwidth preference, enhanced by flatly tuned inhibition, potentially from parvalbumin neurons.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory cortical neurons exhibit bandwidth tuning, with specific neuronal types and layers playing distinct roles.
  • Excitatory and inhibitory circuits collaboratively shape auditory bandwidth selectivity.
  • This tuning mechanism likely contributes to the brain's ability to process complex sounds.