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Questionable Research Practices (QRPs) like cherry picking and HARKing are common among ecologists and evolutionary biologists. These prevalent issues in scientific research may explain low reproducibility rates in these fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Scientific Methodology

Background:

  • Reproducibility is a growing concern in scientific research.
  • Questionable Research Practices (QRPs) have been implicated in replication crises in other disciplines.
  • The prevalence of QRPs in ecology and evolutionary biology remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of specific QRPs within the ecology and evolutionary biology research communities.
  • To assess researchers' self-reported use of QRPs and their perceptions of colleagues' usage.
  • To compare QRP prevalence in these fields with findings from other scientific disciplines.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was administered to 807 researchers (494 ecologists, 313 evolutionary biologists).
  • The survey assessed the use of QRPs, including cherry picking, p hacking, and hypothesizing after the results are known (HARKing).
  • Participants also estimated the proportion of their colleagues engaging in these practices.

Main Results:

  • 64% of surveyed researchers reported cherry picking (failing to report non-significant results).
  • 42% reported p hacking (collecting more data after inspecting results).
  • 51% reported HARKing (presenting unexpected findings as pre-hypothesized).

Conclusions:

  • QRPs are prevalent in ecology and evolutionary biology research.
  • The rates of QRPs are comparable to those found in psychology.
  • These findings suggest that similar reproducibility problems may exist in ecology and evolution as observed in psychology.