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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting
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Driven Widom-Rowlinson lattice gas.

Ronald Dickman1, R K P Zia2

  • 1Departamento de Física and National Institute of Science and Technology for Complex Systems, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, C. P. 702, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Physical Review. E
|July 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We studied a driven lattice gas model with two particle types. Unlike similar models, it forms multiple striped domains perpendicular to the drive, with rough interfaces, revealing a critical phase.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • The Widom-Rowlinson lattice gas is an athermal system with two particle species (A, B) exhibiting phase transitions driven by entropy.
  • Previous studies on driven lattice gases, like the Katz-Lebowitz-Spohn (KLS) model, show unique collective behaviors and domain structures parallel to the drive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of an external drive on the Widom-Rowlinson lattice gas.
  • To analyze emergent phenomena, including domain formation, interface properties, and phase transitions under driving forces.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Monte Carlo simulations to model particle-hole exchange dynamics.
  • Imposed a directional drive biasing particle movement.
  • Analyzed structure factors, correlation functions, and defined a novel order parameter for multistripe states.

Main Results:

  • Observed ordering into multiple striped domains oriented perpendicular to the drive, with a density and drive-dependent wavelength.
  • Structure factors exhibit kink singularities (|q|), and correlation functions oscillate.
  • Interfacial regions between domains remain statistically rough, contrasting with the KLS model where drives suppress roughness.

Conclusions:

  • The driven Widom-Rowlinson lattice gas displays distinct collective behavior compared to other driven lattice models.
  • A novel phase diagram in the density-drive plane is established, indicating the emergence of multistripe states.
  • Preliminary evidence suggests the existence of a critical phase in this driven system.