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Improving interlimb coordination and paretic limb use after stroke using a novel robotic split-crank pedaling device: a cross-sectional study.

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Brain Activation During Passive and Volitional Pedaling After Stroke.

Brice T Cleland1, Sheila Schindler-Ivens1

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Reduced brain activation during pedaling in stroke survivors is not due to motor command differences. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed no significant group differences in brain activity during passive pedaling.

Keywords:
electromyographyfMRIhemiparesislocomotionneuroplasticityrehabilitation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Previous studies show reduced brain activation during pedaling in individuals post-stroke compared to controls.
  • The reasons for this difference remain unclear, with potential explanations including altered motor commands or performance deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether differences in volitional motor commands and pedaling performance explain lower brain activation in stroke survivors during pedaling.
  • To compare brain activation patterns during passive and volitional pedaling in individuals with and without stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to record brain activation during passive and volitional pedaling in individuals with and without stroke.
  • The passive condition aimed to isolate sensory-related brain activity by minimizing volitional motor commands and ensuring comparable pedaling performance between groups.
  • Brain activation volume, intensity, and laterality were analyzed across conditions and groups.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in brain activation were observed between conditions or groups.
  • There were no significant Group × Condition interactions for any measure of brain activation.
  • A notable finding was that only 53% of participants could successfully minimize muscle activity during passive pedaling, indicating challenges in achieving true passive movement.

Conclusions:

  • Altered volitional motor commands and pedaling performance do not appear to account for the reduced pedaling-related brain activation observed in individuals post-stroke.
  • The findings suggest that functional or structural brain changes are more likely causes of diminished brain activation during pedaling after stroke.
  • Achieving a truly passive pedaling state is challenging and may necessitate the active inhibition of descending excitatory drive.