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Related Concept Videos

Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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There are two criteria that favor, but do not guarantee, the spontaneous formation of a solution:
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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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The Development of Complex Digital Health Solutions: Formative Evaluation Combining Different Methodologies.

Anne Lee1, Marianne Sandvei2, Hans Christian Asmussen3

  • 1Centre for Innovative Medical Technology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

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|July 18, 2018
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Summary

This study highlights how iterative evaluation, involving diverse stakeholders in multiple countries, effectively guided the development of a digital health solution for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The process provided crucial feedback, enabling better control and refinement of the technology for varied healthcare settings.

Keywords:
eHealthformative evaluationintervention theoriesparticipatory designstakeholder participationtelemedicine

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Health
  • Health Informatics
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Developing digital health solutions requires understanding complex healthcare systems, organizational structures, and stakeholder dynamics.
  • A digital health solution utilizing an ICT platform and point-of-care devices was created for home-based monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression and treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe and assess an iterative evaluation process for developing a digital health solution within three distinct healthcare systems.
  • To examine the digital health solution as both a technical and organizational entity across different healthcare contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Formative evaluation incorporating contextual understanding, participatory design, and feasibility studies.
  • Involved 45 patients and 25 healthcare professionals across 3 European clinical sites.
  • Included hardware and software developers in the evaluation process.

Main Results:

  • The formative evaluation provided continuous input, identifying key stakeholders and understanding diverse healthcare systems, RA treatment competencies, and communication technologies.
  • Participatory design and real-life testing with patients and professionals refined the solution's design.
  • Multicultural feedback from three sites enhanced the solution and identified challenges, clarifying further development needs before clinical testing.

Conclusions:

  • An iterative formative evaluation with international stakeholder involvement successfully informed and influenced the digital health solution's development.
  • The process enabled consortiums to manage development effectively through constructive input and feedback across diverse cultural contexts.