Tetracyclines inhibit tissue collagenases. Effects of ingested low-dose and local delivery systems

In a series of experiments, Golub et al. demonstrated that tetracyclines, but not other antibiotics, can inhibit mammalian collagenases and proposed that this property could be useful in treating diseases, such as periodontal disease (but also included certain medical conditions, e.g., corneal ulcers) characterized by excessive collagen degradation (J Periodont Res 1983, 1984 and 1985; Experientia 1984; Cornea 1984). One effect was the dramatic reduction of tissue collagenase activity within the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontal pockets after administering a standard regimen of a tetracycline (e.g., 200 mg minocycline or 1000 mg tetracycline/day). The preliminary studies described below determined the effect of (1) low-dose (LD; 40-80 mg/day) orally administered minocycline on GCF collagenase activity and on the subgingival microflora (Exp. I), and (2) tetracycline-loaded monolithic fibers (TF) on collagenase activity in vitro (Exp. II). In Exp. I, GCF collagenase activity was reduced by 45 to 80% 2 weeks after initiating LD minocycline therapy, an effect that lasted for at least several weeks after stopping drug treatment. No consistent change in the relative proportions of G(+), G(-) and motile subgingival microorganisms was detected as a result of LD treatment suggesting that the reduction in GCF collagenase activity was a direct inhibition of the enzyme by the drug. In Exp. II, 3- and 6-mm lengths of TF in vitro established tetracycline concentrations in 250 microliters of 132 micrograms/ml, from 3-mm lengths, and 265 micrograms/ml, from 6-mm lengths, after an 18-hour incubation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)