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Related Concept Videos

Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Using Mouse Oocytes to Assess Human Gene Function During Meiosis I
11:13

Using Mouse Oocytes to Assess Human Gene Function During Meiosis I

Published on: April 10, 2018

Characterizing meiotic chromosomes' structure and pairing using a designer sequence optimized for Hi-C.

Héloïse Muller1,2,3, Vittore F Scolari1,2,3, Nicolas Agier4

  • 1Department Genomes and Genetics, Groupe Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

Molecular Systems Biology
|July 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study engineered a yeast chromosome region with regular restriction sites to improve chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) accuracy. This novel Syn-HiC design enhances signal-to-noise, enabling precise tracking of homologous chromosome behavior during meiosis.

Keywords:
Rec8chromatin loopcohesinmeiosissynthetic chromosome

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Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination
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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Using Mouse Oocytes to Assess Human Gene Function During Meiosis I
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Published on: April 10, 2018

Super-Resolution Microscopy of the Synaptonemal Complex Within the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline
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Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination
09:24

Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination

Published on: July 18, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) accuracy is limited by uneven restriction site distribution and repetitive genomic sequences.
  • These limitations introduce ambiguities in sequencing read alignment, complicating the analysis of genome-wide interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome Hi-C limitations by designing and engineering a yeast chromosome region with regularly spaced restriction sites (Syn-HiC).
  • To enhance Hi-C signal-to-noise ratio and establish a robust definition of Hi-C resolution.
  • To distinguish homologous chromosomes and track their spatial reorganization during meiosis.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering of a 144 kb yeast chromosome region with regularly spaced restriction sites (Syn-HiC design).
  • Application of Hi-C experiments to the engineered region in synchronized and pachytene-arrested yeast cells.
  • Analysis of homologous chromosome spatial reorganization, including chromatin looping, centromere behavior, and pairing.

Main Results:

  • The Syn-HiC design significantly enhanced the Hi-C signal-to-noise ratio.
  • An unbiased distribution of contact frequencies was measured, allowing for a robust definition of Hi-C resolution.
  • The redesigned region was distinguishable from its native homologous counterpart, enabling tracking of homologous chromosomes.
  • Key features of meiotic prophase spatial reorganization were captured, including Rec8-delimited loops, centromere declustering, individualization, and pairing.

Conclusions:

  • Redesigning genomic regions with regularly spaced restriction sites (Syn-HiC) effectively addresses limitations in Hi-C experiments.
  • This approach enhances the accuracy and resolution of Hi-C, providing new insights into genome organization.
  • The Syn-HiC strategy holds significant promise for exploring complex biological questions, particularly in understanding chromosome dynamics during meiosis.