Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

10.7K
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
10.7K
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

3.1K
3.1K
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

4.6K
An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
4.6K
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

2.9K
2.9K
Conversion of Units01:36

Conversion of Units

36.8K
Sometimes, there is a need to convert from one unit to another one. For instance, reading a cookbook in which quantities are expressed in units of liters or ounces may require conversion of quantities to cups. Or, when looking up directions on how to get to a location, we may be interested to know how many miles we are going to walk. In this case, we would have to convert units of feet or meters to miles.
The first step in the unit conversion is to list the given units and the units required...
36.8K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.2K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Spider-MS: an individualized polyhedral prediction of multiple sclerosis prognosis.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Disability profiles in progressive multiple sclerosis reflect pathology distribution, independent of clinical phenotype.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

High-efficacy therapy and progression independent of relapse and MRI activity in multiple sclerosis.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Optic nerve imaging with OCT predicts disease progression and monitors brain and spinal atrophy in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Optical coherence tomography angiography reveals insights into complementary vascular and neurodegenerative mechanisms in multiple sclerosis.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

Scalable photonic reservoir computing for parallel machine learning tasks.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.0K

Structural cortical network reorganization associated with early conversion to multiple sclerosis.

C Tur1, A Eshaghi2,3, D R Altmann2,4

  • 1Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College of London (UCL), London, WC1B 5EH, UK. c.tur@ucl.ac.uk.

Scientific Reports
|July 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain structural covariance networks (SCNs) show altered connectivity in early multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients converting to MS had higher baseline SCN connectivity, followed by a loss over time, indicating SCNs track disease progression.

More Related Videos

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.8K
A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS
08:18

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS

Published on: December 26, 2015

18.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.0K
The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.8K
A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS
08:18

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS

Published on: December 26, 2015

18.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Brain structural covariance networks (SCNs) map cortical thickness associations, reflecting brain connectivity.
  • SCNs are disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases, but their longitudinal dynamics are unexplored.
  • Understanding SCN changes may reveal neurodegeneration mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate 12-month changes in SCNs after a first inflammatory-demyelinating attack.
  • To assess the clinical relevance of SCN dynamics by comparing patients who convert to multiple sclerosis (MS) versus those who do not.
  • To explore SCNs as potential biomarkers for early MS progression.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal brain MRI and clinical assessments over one year.
  • Calculation of SCNs using cortical thickness data and correlation matrices.
  • Analysis of nodal connectivity metrics and statistical assessment of longitudinal changes using bootstrap methods.

Main Results:

  • Patients converting to MS showed significantly higher baseline network connectivity (p=0.02).
  • These patients experienced a significant loss of connectivity over time (p=0.001-0.02), unlike non-converters.
  • SCN analysis detected changes sensitive to early MS tissue alterations.

Conclusions:

  • SCN analysis is sensitive to brain changes in early MS and reflects clinically relevant aspects.
  • Longitudinal SCN dynamics may offer insights into neurodegenerative processes.
  • Preliminary findings require validation in larger cohorts due to small sample sizes.