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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Assessment of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells MSCs
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Immunomodulation: Properties and Clinical Application.

Mengyuan Wang1, Quan Yuan1, Liang Xie1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

Stem Cells International
|July 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show potent immunomodulatory effects, aiding tissue repair and treating inflammation. Clinical trials are advancing MSC-based therapies for immune disorders, despite ongoing debate.

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Isolation, Characterization, and Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles from Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capabilities.
  • MSCs are found in most tissues and are crucial for tissue repair and regeneration.
  • They exhibit significant immunoregulatory properties, suppressing innate and adaptive immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest research on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based immunomodulation.
  • To summarize current clinical trials investigating MSC therapies for immune disorders.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of MSCs in treating inflammation and tissue damage.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on MSC immunomodulation.
  • Analysis of preclinical study findings on MSC safety and efficacy.
  • Compilation and update of ongoing clinical trials for MSC-mediated therapies.

Main Results:

  • MSCs secrete bioactive molecules that modulate physiological processes.
  • MSC immunomodulatory properties are being explored for treating immune disorders.
  • Clinical trials for MSC therapies in immune-related diseases are rapidly developing.

Conclusions:

  • MSCs offer promising therapeutic applications for immune-based diseases due to their immunomodulatory effects.
  • Ongoing clinical trials indicate potential for widespread therapeutic use of MSCs.
  • Further research and clinical evaluation are essential to address controversies and establish MSC-based immunotherapies.