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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Visual and Microscopic Evaluation of Streptomyces Developmental Mutants
Published on: September 12, 2018
Huanglongmycin A-C, Cytotoxic Polyketides Biosynthesized by a Putative Type II Polyketide Synthase From Streptomyces
Lin Jiang1, Hong Pu1, Jingxi Xiang1
1Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Abstract:
Three natural products of nonaketide biosynthetic origin, probably biosynthesized from nine molecules of malonyl-CoA, have been isolated. Herein we described the isolation and structure elucidation of huanglongmycin (HLM) A-C and identification of the putative hlm biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces sp. CB09001, isolated from a karstic cave in Xiangxi, China. Albeit previously isolated, HLM A was reported for the first time to exhibit moderate cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cell line (IC50 = 13.8 ± 1.5 μM) and weak antibacterial activity against gram-negative clinical isolates. A putative biosynthetic pathway for HLM A, featuring a nonaketide-specific type II polyketide synthase, was proposed. It would be consistent with the isolation of HLM B and C, which are two new natural products and likely shunt metabolites during HLM A biosynthesis.
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