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Black phosphorus quantum dots: synthesis, properties, functionalized modification and applications.

Rijun Gui1, Hui Jin, Zonghua Wang

  • 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China. wangzonghua@qdu.edu.cn.

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Summary
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Zero-dimensional black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are novel nanomaterials with diverse applications. This review covers their synthesis, properties, modifications, and potential in fields like bioimaging and electronics.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Zero-dimensional (0D) black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) represent a distinct class of black phosphorus nanostructures, differing from 2D nanosheets and 1D nanoribbons.
  • Since their emergence in 2015, significant research has focused on their synthesis, properties, and modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the synthesis, physicochemical properties, surface modifications, and applications of BPQDs.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of BPQDs for researchers in nanomaterials and related fields.

Main Methods:

  • Review of various synthetic methods including ultrasonic/electrochemical exfoliation, solvothermal treatment, blender breaking, milling, and pulsed laser irradiation.
  • Analysis of theoretical models and experimental data for BPQD properties.
  • Summarization of hybrid structures and functionalized combinations of BPQDs.

Main Results:

  • Detailed discussion of diverse synthetic routes for BPQDs.
  • Highlighting of key physicochemical properties and experimental observations.
  • Categorization of hybrid structures (e.g., BPQDs/nanosheets, polymer-modified BPQDs) and their assembly in devices.

Conclusions:

  • BPQDs exhibit broad potential applications in bioimaging, sensing, cancer therapy, electronics, photovoltaics, and flexible devices.
  • The review identifies current challenges and future research perspectives for BPQDs and related low-dimensional nanomaterials.