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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Sarcopenic obesity.

Stergios A Polyzos1, Andrew N Margioris2

  • 1First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 13 Simou Lianidi, 551 34, Thessaloniki, Greece. spolyzos@auth.gr.

Hormones (Athens, Greece)
|July 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sarcopenic obesity, a growing health issue, involves muscle loss and excess fat, often undiagnosed due to vague symptoms. Management focuses on diet, protein, and exercise to preserve muscle mass.

Keywords:
MuscleMuscle massMuscle strengthObesityPhysical capacitySarcopeniaSarcopenic obesityTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Sarcopenic obesity is a prevalent chronic condition driven by aging populations, rising obesity rates, and lifestyle changes.
  • Patients often present with obesity-related comorbidities or non-specific sarcopenia symptoms like fatigue, leading to underdiagnosis.
  • Its multifactorial pathogenesis involves aging, sedentary habits, poor diet, insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress, impacting muscle and fat mass.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight sarcopenic obesity as a significant public health concern.
  • To discuss the complex pathogenesis involving myokines and adipokines.
  • To emphasize the need for a consensus definition for further research and improved patient management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of sarcopenic obesity's prevalence, presentation, and pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of contributing factors including aging, lifestyle, metabolic dysregulation, and key molecular players (myokines, adipokines).
  • Discussion of current management strategies and the need for standardized diagnostic criteria.

Main Results:

  • Sarcopenic obesity is characterized by decreased muscle mass and increased fat mass, influenced by aging and lifestyle.
  • Myokines (e.g., myostatin, irisin) and adipokines are implicated in its development.
  • No approved pharmacological treatments exist; management relies on weight loss, protein intake, and exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Sarcopenic obesity is a complex, multifactorial condition requiring a unified definition for research advancement.
  • Current management focuses on lifestyle interventions: diet, adequate protein, and exercise are crucial.
  • Further research is essential to understand synergistic effects and develop targeted treatments for this growing health problem.