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What Is Successful Aging? A Psychometric Validation Study of Different Construct Definitions
Luca Kleineidam1,2, Myriam V Thoma3,4, Andreas Maercker3,4
1Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany.
The Gerontologist
|July 18, 2018
Summary
A comprehensive definition of successful aging (SA) is crucial. The best SA models integrate physical health, well-being, and social engagement for accurate assessment.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Psychometrics
- Public Health
Background:
- Successful aging (SA) is a complex construct with various operationalizations.
- Existing models assess different facets like health, well-being, and social engagement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the validity of five distinct successful aging (SA) operationalizations.
- To determine the convergent and predictive validity of SA measures for quality of life and health outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Confirmatory factor analysis was used on data from 2,478 older adults (mean age 82.5 years).
- Examined short-term (1.5 years) and long-term (4.5 years) predictive validity.
- Assessed convergent validity with quality of life and objective health measures.
Main Results:
- A general SA operationalization encompassing all facets demonstrated superior construct validity.
- Biomedical SA models lacking well-being or social engagement showed weaker subjective prediction but stronger objective health associations.
- Psychosocial SA models excluding physiological factors poorly predicted objective health outcomes.
Conclusions:
- A balanced SA operationalization requires integrating measures of health, disability, well-being, and social engagement.
- The optimal SA model is comprehensive, reflecting the multifaceted nature of aging well.
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