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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression
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Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy update.

James W Wheless1, Andrew J Gienapp2, Phillippe Ryvlin3

  • 1Le Bonheur Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology Division, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|July 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy effectively treats drug-resistant epilepsy in all age groups. This review covers VNS efficacy, benefits, and patient selection for managing pharmacoresistant seizures.

Keywords:
EpilepsyIntractableNeurostimulationVNS therapyVagus nerve stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Epilepsy impacts millions globally, with a significant portion experiencing drug-resistant forms.
  • Many patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy are ineligible for surgical interventions.
  • Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy has been a long-standing treatment option for over 30 years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy for pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
  • To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and benefits of VNS across pediatric, adolescent, and adult populations.
  • To discuss VNS candidate selection, dosing, and future developments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical data on Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy.
  • Analysis of efficacy, side-effect profiles, quality of life, cost-effectiveness, and impact on sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).
  • Discussion of practical aspects including patient selection and treatment parameters.

Main Results:

  • Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy demonstrates efficacy in treating various seizure types and epilepsy syndromes.
  • The therapy exhibits a predictable and generally benign side-effect profile.
  • VNS is the most commonly prescribed device for managing pharmacoresistant epilepsy.

Conclusions:

  • Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy is a well-established and effective treatment for pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
  • Its favorable safety profile and demonstrated benefits support its widespread use.
  • Continued research and development may further enhance VNS therapy's role in epilepsy management.