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Related Concept Videos

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Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Tissue Engineering: Construction of a Multicellular 3D Scaffold for the Delivery of Layered Cell Sheets
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Construction of vascularized tissue-engineered bone with a double-cell sheet complex.

Hualin Zhang1, Yueli Zhou1, Wen Zhang2

  • 1College of Stomatology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.

Acta Biomaterialia
|July 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a double-cell sheet (DCS) complex for bone regeneration. Combining osteogenic and vascular endothelial cells with coral hydroxyapatite (CHA) significantly enhanced bone formation and vascularization in vivo.

Keywords:
Coral hydroxyapatiteDouble-cell sheets complexEndothelial cell sheetOsteogenic cell sheetVascularized tissue-engineered bone

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Developing functional tissue-engineered bone requires strategies to promote both osteogenesis and vascularization.
  • Current methods often face challenges in achieving sufficient vascular integration and bone matrix formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a double-cell sheet (DCS) complex, comprising osteogenic and vascular endothelial cells, for enhanced bone regeneration.
  • To investigate the synergistic effects of the DCS complex with a coral hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffold on osteogenesis and vascularization in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were induced to form osteogenic and vascular endothelial cell sheets.
  • DCS complexes were fabricated and combined with CHA scaffolds.
  • Subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice was performed to assess mineralization and vascularization at 12 weeks.

Main Results:

  • The DCS complex demonstrated osteogenic and blood vessel formation potential.
  • The DCS-CHA complex exhibited superior mineralization and vascularization compared to DCS or CHA scaffold alone.
  • Group B (endothelial cell sheet covered with osteogenic cell sheet) showed the most promising results.

Conclusions:

  • The CHA scaffold enhances the osteogenesis and vascularization potential of the DCS complex.
  • The DCS complex promotes the osteogenesis and vascularization of the CHA scaffold.
  • This vascularized DCS-CHA complex holds promise for treating bone defects.