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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

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Weight(s) of complicity.

Alec Walker1, Alex John London1

  • 1Philosophy Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Journal of Medical Ethics
|July 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) grapple with intervention dilemmas. Addressing complicity concerns can lead to moral narcissism, but neglecting them poses risks to aid recipients and INGO integrity.

Area of Science:

  • Humanitarian Aid
  • International Relations
  • Ethics

Background:

  • International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) face ethical dilemmas in crisis interventions.
  • Intervention risks co-option and complicity in wrongdoing.
  • Inaction risks consigning vulnerable populations to neglect or oppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the ethical challenges INGOs face regarding complicity in crisis situations.
  • To examine the relationship between complicity concerns, moral narcissism, and ethical decision-making.
  • To propose alternative frameworks for INGOs navigating competing ethical demands.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of ethical frameworks.
  • Critique of existing arguments on INGO complicity.
Keywords:
NGOsapplied and professional ethicsethicsinterests of health personnel/institutionsinternational affairs

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  • Exploration of risks associated with intervention and non-intervention.

    • Main Results:

    • Concerns about complicity can stifle ethical debate and promote moral narcissism.
    • Neglecting complicity concerns can also foster moral narcissism and create risks.
    • Three types of risks are identified: to others, to INGO integrity, and to social trust.

    Conclusions:

    • There is no single, ethically optimal way to reconcile competing demands for INGOs.
    • A diversity of INGO approaches to ethical dilemmas may better serve justice and humanity.
    • Encouraging varied ethical frameworks among INGOs is suggested over a uniform approach.