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Related Concept Videos

Microtubules01:35

Microtubules

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There are three types of cytoskeletal structures in eukaryotic cells—microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the thickest of these fibers. Microtubules carry out a variety of functions that include cell structure and support, transport of organelles, cell motility (movement), and the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
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Microtubules01:18

Microtubules

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Microtubules are the thickest cytoskeletal filaments with a diameter of 25 nm. In prokaryotic organisms, microtubules are commonly found in locomotory appendages like cilia and flagella. In eukaryotic cells, microtubules form specialized extensions for moving fluid over the surface, like those found in cells lining the intestine.
Microtubules have two structurally similar globular protein subunits: α and β tubulins. In the cytosol, the α and β tubulins form a heterodimer....
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The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

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Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
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Microtubule Formation01:23

Microtubule Formation

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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo continuous assembly and disassembly. They originate from specialized multi-protein complexes known as microtubule organizing centers or MTOCs. Within the MTOC, the point of origin of the microtubule is known as the minus end, while the end radiating outward is the plus end. Microtubules serve two primary functions — the organization of spindle complexes to separate sister chromatids during mitotic or meiotic cell division and the formation...
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Destabilization of Microtubules01:45

Destabilization of Microtubules

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The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

In vivo Assessment of Microtubule Dynamics and Orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons
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APC2 controls dendrite development by promoting microtubule dynamics.

Olga I Kahn1, Philipp Schätzle1, Dieudonnée van de Willige1

  • 1Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Nature Communications
|July 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adenomatous polyposis coli 2 (APC2) protein organizes microtubules in dendrites. APC2 promotes the dynamics of minus-end-out microtubules, crucial for neuron development and function.

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Use of Immunolabeling to Analyze Stable, Dynamic, and Nascent Microtubules in the Zebrafish Embryo
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Dendrites exhibit mixed polarity microtubule organization, essential for neuronal function.
  • Mechanisms governing this microtubule organization and its role in neuronal development remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of adenomatous polyposis coli 2 (APC2) in microtubule organization within vertebrate dendrites.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which APC2 influences dendritic microtubule dynamics and morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Localization studies of APC2 in dendritic microtubule bundles.
  • Functional assays involving APC2 depletion to assess effects on microtubule dynamics and sliding.
  • Analysis of dendritic morphology following APC2 manipulation.

Main Results:

  • APC2 forms distinct clusters along dendritic microtubule bundles, mediated by LC8-binding and microtubule-interacting domains.
  • APC2 depletion impairs the dynamics of minus-end-out microtubules and enhances microtubule sliding.
  • Loss of APC2 function leads to significant defects in dendritic morphology.

Conclusions:

  • APC2 is a key regulator of minus-end-out microtubule dynamics in dendrites.
  • APC2 plays a critical role in establishing and maintaining dendritic structure and organization.
  • APC2's function in microtubule regulation is vital for proper dendrite development.