Virtual environments as memory training devices in navigational tasks for older adults

Area of Science:

• Cognitive Psychology
• Human-Computer Interaction
• Gerontology

Background:

• Age-related decline in visuospatial memory and wayfinding abilities is a significant concern.
• Virtual environments (VEs) show potential for cognitive training, but optimal visual design for route learning remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of visual design in virtual environments (VEs) on route learning and memory recall.
• To compare a custom-designed MixedVE (adjusted realism, highlighted landmarks) against AbstractVE and RealisticVE for route learning.
• To assess the effectiveness of the MixedVE for both younger and older adults, including delayed recall and overconfidence.

Main Methods:

• Developed a custom MixedVE with optimized realism and landmarks for route learning.
• Recruited younger and older adult groups to perform route recall tasks in MixedVE, AbstractVE, and RealisticVE.
• Assessed immediate and delayed (one-week) route recall accuracy and self-reported confidence.

Main Results:

• The MixedVE significantly improved route recall accuracy compared to AbstractVE and RealisticVE for both age groups.
• This performance enhancement in the MixedVE was sustained at delayed recall (one week later).
• Older adults, often overconfident, showed moderated overconfidence when using the MixedVE.

Conclusions:

• Tailoring VE visualization design is crucial for effective route learning and memory training.
• The MixedVE demonstrates significant potential as a memory training tool, particularly for older adults facing wayfinding challenges.
• Post-experiment preference shifted towards the MixedVE, suggesting its practical utility and user acceptance.