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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Assessment of Spatial Lingual Tactile Sensitivity using a Gratings Orientation Test

Assessment of Spatial Lingual Tactile Sensitivity using a Gratings Orientation Test

Published on: September 17, 2021

Virtual Orientation Overrides Physical Orientation to Define a Reference Frame in Spatial Updating.

Qiliang He¹, Timothy P McNamara²

¹School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

|July 19, 2018

Summary

People can use their virtual orientation, not just physical cues, to navigate. This virtual reference frame is egocentric and forms during spatial updating, even without knowing the initial heading.

Keywords:

idiothetic cues spatial navigation and memory spatial reference systems spatial updating virtual reality

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Area of Science:

Cognitive psychology
Human-computer interaction
Virtual reality

Background:

Spatial updating typically relies on egocentric or allocentric frames of reference tied to physical body cues.
Previous research suggests virtual orientation can override physical cues in virtual environments.
The role of initial virtual heading in establishing a reference frame needs further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

Replicate findings on virtual initial heading defining a reference frame.
Determine when this virtual reference frame is established during spatial updating.
Explore cognitive processes involved in using virtual orientation for spatial reference.

Main Methods:

Four experiments were conducted to investigate spatial updating in virtual environments.
Participants' spatial updating performance was assessed under conditions manipulating virtual orientation.
Behavioral data were analyzed to infer reference frame selection and establishment.

Main Results:

The study successfully replicated findings that initial virtual heading establishes a reference frame.
This virtual reference frame was found to be egocentric in nature.
Participants could utilize the virtual initial heading without explicit knowledge of its orientation at the outset.

Conclusions:

The initial virtual heading serves as a viable egocentric reference frame for spatial updating.
This virtual reference frame is established dynamically during the spatial updating process.
Cognitive processes allow for the selection and use of virtual orientation in the absence of body-based cues.