Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Single Liposome Measurements for the Study of Proton-Pumping Membrane Enzymes Using Electrochemistry and Fluorescent Microscopy
Published on: February 21, 2019
Association Between Cholangiocarcinoma and Proton Pump Inhibitors Use: A Nested Case-Control Study
Yen-Chun Peng1,2, Cheng-Li Lin3,4, Wan-Yun Hsu5
1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was associated with increased odds of developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), including both intrahepatic and extrahepatic types. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Oncology
- Pharmacoepidemiology
Background:
- Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used medications.
- Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare but aggressive cancer.
- The potential association between PPI use and CCA risk requires investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).
- To determine if cumulative PPI dosage influences CCA risk.
- To assess the odds of CCA in patients using PPIs.
Main Methods:
- A nested case-control study design was utilized.
- Data were sourced from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database.
- Propensity score matching was employed to compare 2,293 CCA patients with 2,293 controls.
Main Results:
- Overall adjusted odds ratio (OR) for PPI use-associated CCA was 2.58 (95% CI 2.27–2.93).
- CCA odds were associated with all types of PPIs.
- Increased odds of CCA were observed with higher cumulative defined daily doses (DDD) of PPIs.
Conclusions:
- Proton pump inhibitor use is associated with increased odds of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
- All types of PPIs demonstrated an association with CCA risk.
- Larger-scale studies are recommended to validate these findings.
Related Concept Videos
Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors
Gastric acid, a potent cocktail of hydrogen and chloride ions, is produced in specialized parietal cells within the...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...

