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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

679
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

760
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
760
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

1.4K
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

A Novel Rescue Technique for Difficult Intubation and Difficult Ventilation
04:46

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Anesthesia for stroke rescue.

Ayòtúndé B Fadayomi1, Oluwaseun Akeju2

  • 1Center for Epidemiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital.

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology
|July 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances in endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel occlusions are transforming stroke care. Further research is needed to clarify how anesthetic management impacts patient outcomes during these procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability globally.
  • Endovascular thrombectomy is now standard care for eligible large vessel occlusion stroke patients.
  • The impact of intraprocedural anesthetic management on stroke outcomes remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the implications of new large vessel occlusion management techniques on anesthetic procedures.
  • To explore how anesthesia choices may affect patient morbidity and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent randomized control trials on endovascular thrombectomy.
  • Analysis of anesthetic management strategies in the context of stroke intervention.

Main Results:

  • Endovascular thrombectomy has become the standard of care for large vessel occlusions.
  • Optimal intraprocedural anesthetic practices to improve patient outcomes are not yet established.
  • Strategies to reduce intervention time and maintain blood pressure are crucial for preserving brain tissue.

Conclusions:

  • Time to intervention and blood pressure management are key for preserving penumbral tissue.
  • Further high-powered studies are required to determine the safety and efficacy of different anesthetic approaches.
  • Future research should investigate anesthetic effects on neural plasticity and potential neurotoxicity.