Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026
Design and Implementation of a Rat Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion Model
Published on: May 26, 2023
Design and implementation of the Western Pennsylvania regional Stop the Bleed initiative
Matthew D Neal1, Benjamin R Reynolds, David Bertoty
1From the Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.D.N., B.R.R., D.B., A.B.P., R.M.F.), and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (K.J.M.).
Insights
Widespread implementation of the Stop the Bleed program is feasible through a multicenter outreach strategy. This approach effectively disseminates bleeding control education to the public and law enforcement, reducing preventable trauma deaths.
Area of Science:
- Trauma care and public health preparedness.
- Emergency medical services education and dissemination.
Background:
- Hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable death in trauma patients, accounting for nearly 40% of prehospital fatalities.
- The Stop the Bleed program offers structured training in hemorrhage control and the use of bleeding control kits.
- Overcoming implementation barriers requires widespread public and law enforcement outreach to standardize bleeding control education.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe and analyze the implementation of a regional Stop the Bleed program.
- To provide a template for designing large-scale bleeding control initiatives.
Main Methods:
- A hub-and-spoke model was employed, integrating regional trauma and nontrauma centers.
- The program targeted a large geographic area spanning four states and 72 counties.
- A train-the-trainer approach was utilized to facilitate broad dissemination.
Main Results:
- Over 27,000 individuals were trained in 21 months, including lay public and law enforcement.
- Bleeding control kits were distributed to schools, and tourniquets were provided to law enforcement officers.
- The program achieved official recognition from the Pennsylvania State Senate.
Conclusions:
- A multicenter outreach program emphasizing public and law enforcement education is effective for rapid dissemination of Stop the Bleed training.
- The described program design can serve as a template for developing similar initiatives nationwide.
- Increasing national exposure to Stop the Bleed is achievable through structured, scalable programs.
Background:
Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in trauma, and nearly 40% of prehospital deaths can be attributed to blood loss. The Stop the Bleed program provides a structured curriculum for teaching hemorrhage control and the use of bleeding control kits. To overcome implementation barriers and to achieve the goal of making education on bleeding control as common as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, widespread implementation with outreach to the public and law enforcement is necessary.
Methods:
We provide a description and analysis of the implementation of a regional Stop the Bleed program, which includes a step-by-step guide to the design of this program provided as a template to guide attempts at large-scale Stop the Bleed program development.
Results:
Combining the efforts of regional trauma and nontrauma centers as a hub-and-spoke design, a region covering four states, 72 counties, and 30,000 square miles was targeted. A total of 27,291 individuals were trained in a 21-month period including 3,172 trainers, 19,310 lay public, and 4,809 law enforcement officers. A total of 436 bleeding control kits were distributed to 102 public schools, and tourniquets were provided to 4,809 law enforcement officers. Program development and community outreach resulted in official recognition of the program by the Pennsylvania State Senate.
Conclusions:
With the use of a multicenter outreach program design with emphasis on law enforcement and public education while developing a train-the-trainer program, widespread and rapid dissemination of Stop the Bleed teaching is feasible. The general steps described in this manuscript may serve as a template for new or developing programs in other areas to increase the national exposure to Stop the Bleed.
Level Of Evidence:
Economic/Decision study, level IV.
Related Concept Videos
02:33Initiation of Translation
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
02:33Initiation of Translation
01:22Bleeding in Fresh Concrete
Bleeding can cause several issues in the concrete structure. Sometimes, the rising water gets trapped beneath large aggregate...
01:15Western Blotting
The technique begins with separating proteins from the sample using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), followed by protein transfer, immunoblotting, and finally, protein detection.
01:15Nursing Implementation
The five steps to implementing effective nursing care include reassessing the patient, reviewing and revising the existing nursing care plan, organizing the resources and care delivery, anticipating and preventing complications, and implementing nursing interventions.
02:40The Eukaryotic Promoter Region